Sigtek Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Sigtek - Case Study Example om majority owner, Telwork, on the distinctive nature of core competencies of Sigtek, in contrast to other subsidiaries; and (5) implementing a management (organizational change) in the midst of the implementation of the TQ program. It is therefore deduced that the root cause of the dilemma is the lack of awareness of Telwork, Signet’s corporate parent, to make a comprehensive assessment of the applicability of the TQ program, which should cater to the needs and demands of Sigtek. Alternative Courses of Action 1. Status Quo. Do Nothing: John Smithers could just go with the flow and not institute any changes, in addition to those that were already implemented. As proposed by Richard Patricof, the newly appointed general manager of Sigtek, to keep teaching the TQ program. Pros: There would be limited resistance to change as all needed changes have already been implemented. Cons: Potentials for greater decline in morale and decreased productivity and satisfaction. Smithersâ€℠¢ job could be in danger if no significant improvements resulting from the implementation of the TQ program would result from his teaching. The performance of his department could continue to decline and would reflect negatively on his ability as the Engineering Services Manager. 2. Focus on teaching TQ to the line workers and solicit their inputs and comments towards improving quality in their respective areas of operations. Pros: There were evidence of holistic support from line workers and their inputs on areas that need improvement are most valid given that they are directly involved in operations. Any remarkable suggestions that would improve productivity, performance, and satisfaction would evidently support the validity of the TQ program. Cons: Their suggestions should be supported by higher management to ensure that workable areas of improvement should be undertaken and implemented, as required – otherwise, it would only prove that management is not serious about the TQ program. This could be costly and time consuming. Recommendation: Option 2, focus on teaching TQ to the line workers due to the advantages that would be realized which would affirm the validity and effectiveness of the TQ program. References Rosegrant, S. (1998). John Smithers at Sigtek. Harvard Business

Cultural Differences in Body Language Essay Example for Free

Cultural Differences in Body Language Essay Do you know what I am doing? (thumbs up to the side – Hitch hiking). When I do this, most of you would think it means â€Å"good job†. But in the middle east, for example in Iran, it’s an insult similar to â€Å"the middle finger†. Good evening Madam Toastmaster, fellow toastmasters and guests, tonight let’s look at body language in different cultures. Do you agree that gestures can communicate as effectively as words? I agree. Some might argue, it maybe even more than words. However we must be aware different culture has different body language. Therefore, in our personal and business lives, careful consideration must be given to whom we are with and where they are from. A question that we might ask is; do we expect other cultures to adapt to our customs and protocol, or are we willing to make an extra effort to learn more about how they prefer to communicate? It wouldnt be the first time that someone who wasnt familiar with the communication customs of another country, found themselves in a rather embarrassing situation. Many years ago, President Richard Nixon arrived in a foreign country. Upon his arrival, he stood at the top of the stairs leading from his aircraft door, and overlooked the welcoming crowd gathered below him. He smiled and proudly raised both hands high in the air, palms facing outward and gave a gesture of his trademark famous Peace sign (as he had done many times before while travelling abroad). However the crown immediately began to jeer and hiss at the President, and he found himself on the receiving end of a hostile and rude welcome. Could you imagine how he felt? The reason was because in the country he was visiting, the two fingered, palms outward Peace sign, which was acceptable in North America, was an absolutely offensive gesture to the local people in that African country. This would have been the equivalent of a president from another country visiting New Zealand, and with a smile, flipped the bird which in their country might have meant greetings. As a member of the audience, how might you react? In North America, a simple thumbs up gesture can mean that things are great or a hitchhiking sign which indicates I need a ride. However, in Greece, this gesture signifies up yours when accompanied with a rapid upward and slower downward motion. The gesture for YES is often thought to be universal, however in India they wobble their heads from side to side to say yes. Correct me if I’m wrong my Indian friends. There are also variations in saying no. In Greece they toss their head up. In Japan, they wave their hands in front of their nose like ur gesture for stinky. Or, how about the OK sign where the index finger and the thumb connect to make an O shape and the three remaining fingers point up and slightly flare out. Although acceptable in Western culture to signal that things are A-OK, in Russia or Turkey, this gesture can represent a sexual insult. specifically an orifice (thats as far as Ill go with that). In China you may see two men walk hand in hand or with an arm around anothers shoulder. This is a sign of friendship. However, the situation is regarded as homosexual in American culture. In some countries such as France or Italy, it is acceptable to exchange a kiss on one or both cheeks while shaking hands when greeting one another. In other countries such as Japan, this type of behavior is considered impolite as the Japanese are considered to be a non-touch society relative to other cultures. The Japanese have a respectful custom to bow to each other. The most senior status person bows the least and the least status person having to bow first and display the deepest bend from the waist. Business cards are exchanged and read first in a complex formality. This ritual is to determine the seniority, position or rank of everyone in the room first. Then the bowing gesture commences based on the information read. For example, let’s say Tony Cooper is the CEO of Mitsubishi Motors in Japan. I am a small department manager from Fontera†¦the process is: So as you can see, it is really important to know your audience. If you are traveling to other countries, you need to be aware that some of the most commonly acceptable gestures at home can have a completely different meaning to someone from abroad. Demonstrating a sound knowledge of the cultural differences in nonverbal communication will get you noticed and others will appreciate that you are both respectful and prepared. Tonight you’ve learnt as least one thing: be careful if you thumb a ride in Greece O Take the time and invest in a little research to become culturally educated. By doing this you will be able to: Save the embarrassment. (i. e. Be careful if you thumb a ride in Greece O) Gain the competitive edge. A little research can go a long way prior to traveling abroad on business. Surely it helps if you are willing to make an extra effort to learn more about how they prefer to communicate. As the saying goes, In Rome, do like the Romans do. Get to know your audience and their customs. Remember in business, its about being prepared and establishing rapport quickly. Understanding body language in different culture might be the very thing that tips the scales in your favor and will give you the competitive edge youre looking for.

Proctor and Gamble :: Consumer Goods Industry PG P&G

Executive Summary P&G was founded in 1837 by William Procter and James Gamble as a maker of soaps and candles. P&G was known in Corporate America as a company to be admired and imitated. In addition, it was envied for its profitability as well as strong brand name. P&G has a long standing reputation as having life long employees. This dedication and loyalty by P&G's employees created the notion that outside sources were unwelcome and all products and ideas must come from within, however, this is not the way of the future. Durk I. Jager was named CEO in January 1999 but tried to accomplish too much too fast. Jager entered into this position at a very difficult time in P&G's history and tried everything he knew to keep the company going. He introduced new high end products, which did not fit within P&G's culture. His solution to keep P&G going was to cut costs, however this was not a long term solution. He alienated the employee population in 17 short months. Acknowledging Jager's failure, P&G's board forced him to submit his resignation. P&G employees needed a face lift and fast. A.G. Lafley, a Harvard graduate who spent his entire career with P&G was named CEO. He showed P&G employees that a family culture within the company was still attainable. Lafley focused on the employees and ensured the employees maintained focus on the consumers, as consumers are the basis of the market. He slowly began to change the old views of P&G. Not long after Lafley's appointment to CEO he replaced more than half of the company's top 30 officers and cut 9,600 jobs. P&Gs old view of internal creation was halted by Lafley. He acquired Clairol in 2001; P&Gs largest acquisition in its history. He also outsourced P&G's information-technology operation to help maintain its focus on the consumer and its brands. Lafley was able accomplish these non-traditional moves without alienating the family that was P&G. Although Lafley has had success, the underlying problem remains. How will Lafley return P&G to its rightful place in Corporate America? P&G's solution to its problems is through product line extensions, expansion into non-premium brands, as well as acquisitions, licensing, reinforcing market orientation through consumer focus, and outsourcing. This recommendation was based on following items;

Helping the Little Children Essay -- Personal Narrative Essays

Helping the Little Children    I feel the pounding footsteps under my feet and the intense air rush past me as I run, squirming to keep my posture. I struggle to stay glued to the beast's side. If I miss one crucial step, it may mean tragedy for this innocent little disabled boy. I stay close to Dakota's ribs as we move into the turn. Relieved, I gasp for the warm mountain air as we slow to a walk. With my arms still extended above my head, I smile at the partially toothless grin.    As I drive my topless jeep, rounding bend after bend, I find myself staring at the lightly snow-capped mountains in the distance. I run my hands through my windblown hair and notice nature's brilliant autumn colored aspen patterns whiz past me.    Just over the ridge, I casually pull into Chris Turpin's leaf covered driveway. To my left, stands a squatty farm house that has dirty tan siding with dark brown trim, topped with a new forest green metal roof. The few windows the house displays are abnormally small and are always dark. The simple wood siding, though patched with dust and cob webs, has a neat, serene air to it. A branch-covered lawn, which looks as though it has not been mowed in weeks, makes a narrow ring around the house. To my right, stands a pole barn with no solid sides, rising far above the many tarnished orange corrals surrounding it. The barn is just old enough to have collected a nice assortment of ragged bird nests in its rafters, but the wood is not yet discolored. The barn encloses a small rectangular arena, which has one corner rounded off by an old log. In the spare corner is an ancient water faucet and invincible weeds. Extending from the east side of the barn are large corrals... ...e highest mountain when he grows up. Even though he hurts whenever he moves now, he has such an incredible desire to reach this goal and make his dreams come true. I believe he will someday fulfill his dream, and it will be a result of the magic that happens at this very place. It is just a quaint farm house with a rickety barn and a handful of hospitable souls all put together to create something incredible.    However, this place is not just a place for disabled children's dreams to come true, it is a place for my dreams to come true as well. This is a place I feel I am needed and truly inspired to reach my highest goals. It was here I discovered my gift of helping disabled children, and it was here that I learned to slow down for the turns in my life and enjoy the ride. Someday I will create my own TER Program; that is my dream.      

Warhorse

WarHorse -Based on the novel by Michael Morgue, Adapted by Nick Stafford, in association with the Handspring Puppet Company Based on the novel by Michael Morgue but adapted by Nick Stafford, there powerful, dramatic WarHorse' tells the story of a Horse that goes to battle and gets passed through many different owners, and how the Horse lives though the First World War.Everything is spoken apart from the song women narrates the story as it goes along by singing. On arrival in the theatre forum, the first thing that my eyes were drawn to was the minimalist, bare stage where there what looks like a ripped paper strip all the way across the top of the stage, looking like a banner which is a breaching technique. To include there was also a simple box on stage, which was centre stage right.Then what caught my attention next was the lighting, which had freezer and flood lights on at that point in time which gave Off bright white light, giving the whole theatre neutral atmosphere until play Is about to start. The floor of the stage looked Like tarmac/concrete Glenn It a hard solid feel, making the stage look and feel cold, dull and bare. The whole stage made everyone In the audience wonder hat was going on and guess for what was going to happen on stage when the play starts.When Joey the horse first came on stage, the lights up with a bright white light, Joey seen as a foul, with three small women controlling the puppet, Joey was moving around like he was in a field, making all the necessary noises to make the puppet seem real, when he did Just walk around on stage it made me feel so happy that he was happy and that I could feel what he was feeling through the sense of body movement which was jumpy and moving about everywhere making him and yeses feel free, you could also tell that Joey was happy and young because he was only small puppet to start with but when his ears moved around listening to what going on In the field, that created a feeling that he was young and t hat he was enthusiastic about the way of life on the field. Even the actors who where controlling Joey had the same body language and facial expressions as Joey to make the puppet more life like. This made the atmosphere bright, happy and enthusiastic about Joey.This linked in with the characterization throughout the play which made you feel like oh were part of the story and all main characters had very strong characterization, but one moment that shone through the others for characterization was when the awful moment of Joey in the stable and Albertan drunk father grabs the whip and starts whipping Joey, he starts to make the squealing noises and his body language is all tight and quivery and then he bucks for me this was a very emotional part for me because of the characterization of Joey, Just sitting there watching him get hurt and all the facial expressions and body language and noises that comes out of him make he audience want to leap out there seats and come to save Joey fr om getting hurt. But as soon as Joey started to whelp, Albert and his mother, from their facial expressions you could see how much It meant to them, and how they could feel Joeys pain, which also got brought into the audience, the audience really felt the emotions good characterization through this because of this part being so emotional and the whole audience feeling the pain for Joey and how Albertan dad was acting so foolishly. The lighting at this point was blue which was to suggest that it was cold, dark and at eight, this made the atmosphere for the audience even more tense, and kept everyone on the edge of there seat!There was nothing much on stage, very bare apart from three men dressed in old fashion military, thick material grey and dull uniform, holding these rigid poles to create the effect of a pen/stable which I thought you could clearly understand and kept you interest in the performance. Every now and again the song women (narrator) would enter on stage and sing part of a song to express what was going on but I felt like it didn't really work and when the story was eating to an emotional part and the song women would burst in and start to sing, for me this broke the emotion and body language from the moving story to the women that sung, it ruined that part of the performance.The movement of Joey in warhorse alone was amazing the whole way through, this amazing puppet, I thought was really life like which made the story even more like you were there and it was realistic, Joey had three people controlling him from the person controlling his Hines legs to the person controlling front legs and the most effective person I though that created the allies of Joey was the person controlling his head, every single movement was different, from moving his head in different directions to his tail swaying in different directions all the time made Joey seem really real to me, with his ears twitching at certain points and his head points straight into the air you can tell he's trying to listen or be wear of something, also with the movement it gives off really good body language and lets the audience no what he is doing or thinking.Vocal and movement – not sure what bit to write about Too include there was part in the story when I felt the communication was really throng and powerful and created a relationship, it was when Albert was in the army with a mate in the army too and they sat up stage centre, legs hanging off the stage and staring into the horizon and they were laughing, Joking and insulting each other but Albertan mate was making fun of him abut him and Joey his horse before his dad sold him to the army. I think that that is really good communication through the use of laughter, it was really funny and shows how there friendship is still growing and how powerful it is even though they are in the middle of a war! A me

Differences Between Spanish and English Verb Tenses

Differences Between Spanish and English Verb Tenses Spanish speakers and English speakers think of their verb tenses in much the same way: The present tense of English functions much like the present tense of Spanish, and the same can be said of other tenses. But there are some differences youll come across as you get past the beginners level of Spanish. Here are some of the most significant ones: Using the Present Tense to Discuss the Future It is possible in both languages to discuss the future while using a present tense, but you can do so more flexibly in English. In English, you can use either the simple present or the present progressive to refer to the future. For example, you could say either The bus arrives at 2 or The bus is arriving at 2. In Spanish, however, you must use the simple present: El bus llega a las dos. (The bus arrives at 2)La pelà ­cula comienza a las 8:45. (The film begins at 8:45.) The present progressive in Spanish suggests that something is happening now. El bus est llegando means something like The bus is in the process of arriving, so it doesnt make sense to add a future time element. You could also use the future tense in either language for these situations. Using the Present Tense for What Is Happening Now In both languages, the simple present is used to refer to something that happens continuously, regularly, or repeatedly. Thus Los elefantes comen raà ­ces can mean Elephants eat roots, and Hago muchos errores can mean I make many mistakes. In Spanish but not English, however, the simple present can also be used to refer to something that is happening now, a concept that in English is expressed using the present progressive. Thus Los elefantes comen raà ­ces can also mean The elephants are eating roots, and Hago muchos errores can also mean I am making many mistakes. To determine what the Spanish means, you need to look at the context. You could also use the present progressive in Spanish to indicate that something is happening now (such as Los elefantes estn comiendo raà ­ces), but that verb form isnt used nearly as much in Spanish as in English. Tense for Activities That Continue The idiom in Spanish for indicating when an activity began is hace time period, the equivalent of ago in English. If the event is completed, both languages use the preterite: Comimos hace dos horas. (We ate two hours ago.)Viajaron a Madrid. (They traveled to Madrid.) If the action is still continuing, however, Spanish typically uses the phrase hace time period que followed by a simple present-tense verb, while English usually uses a have or has verb form followed by for and the time period: Hace dos aà ±os que vivo con à ©l. (I have been living with him for two years.)Hace 36 horas que Roberta est aquà ­. (Roberta has been here for 36 hours.) Using the Future Tense for Likelihood Although the future tense in both languages is mostly used to indicate what will happen, in Spanish it can also be used to indicate that something seems probable. There is no English equivalent to this suppositional future based on verb tense: Guillermo estar en casa. (Guillermo is probably at home.) ¡Ser la verdad! (It must be true!) In a question, the suppositional future is often used to express lack of knowledge or wondering:  ¿Dà ³nde estar Catalina? (Where could Catalina be?) ¿Quà © ser eso? (What could that be?) Tense and the Beginning of Actions In Spanish, use of the preterite tense rather than the imperfect tense can indicate when the verbs action began. English may use a different word or sentence structure rather than tense to convey the same thing. For example, conocer often refers to knowing someone. To say you knew someone, youd use the imperfect in Spanish but the preterite in English: Yo conocà ­a a Gabriela. (I knew Gabriela). Using the preterite in Spanish would usually be understood as referring to when the knowing began: Conocà ­ a Gabriela. (I met Gabriela.) In this way, the choice of verb tense can affect how a Spanish verb is translated to English: Sabà ­a nadar. (I knew how to swim.)Supe nadar. (I knew I had to swim.) Regional Differences for the Present Perfect In both languages, the present perfect can refer to events that happened at some unspecified time in the past: Hemos identificado los problemas. (We have identified the problems.)Ha estudiado para ser actriz. (She has studied to be an actress.) But in some areas, especially Spain, the Spanish present perfect is used primarily to refer to events that occurred in the very recent past. Hace un minuto he llamado a mi madre. (A minute ago I called my mother.) ¡Mi perro se ha comido el collar antiparasitario! (My dog just hate his antiparasite collar!) But in other areas, the preterite or some construction other than the present perfect would be preferred: Hace un minuto llamà © a mi madre. (A minute ago I called my mother.) ¡Mi perro se acaba de comer el collar antiparasitario! (My dog just hate his antiparasite collar!)

Oliver sacks, the man who mistook his wife for a hat

Oliver sacks, the man who mistook his wife for a hat The Man Who Mistook His Wife for a HatMr. P, a music teacher, whose associates have questioned his perception, is referred by his ophthalmologist to the neurologist Oliver Sacks. During the first office visit, Sacks notices that Mr. P faces him with his ears, not his eyes. His gaze seems unnatural, darting and fixating on the doctor's features one at a time. To begin with, there are only a few quirks about him that Dr. Sacks notices. There was confusion about his shoe and his foot and also about what he saw in a picture of sand dunes in the Sahara desert. He seemed to make up in his imagination things he saw in the picture instead of what was actually there. At the end of the interview, at which his wife is present, Mr. P appears to grasp his wife's head and tries to lift it off and put it on his own head.Doctor Oliver Sacks."He had...mistaken his wife for a hat!" She gave no sign that anything odd had happened.During the second interview, at Mr. P's home, Mr. P easily describes the geometrical shapes but is unable to identify pictures of his own family or friends or even pictures of himself. He unable to recognize the rose that Sacks has, so he describes it as "a convoluted red form with a linear green attachment." Sacks asked him if he knows what it is and he guesses it could be a flower. When he is asked to smell it, he comes to life and knows it. When alone with Ms. P in the kitchen he sees Mr. P's paintings. The paintings that start as pictures of realism, then go to geometrical abstract shapes, and then finally to splotches and chaotic lines shows how Mr. P's perception visually...

Sharpe BMW Example

Sharpe BMW Example Sharpe BMW – Case Study Example Sharpe BMW Case Summary and Detailed Responses to the Questions Provided In the Case Study Since the departure of the previous service director, service department’s revenue and customer satisfaction index rating (CSI) have fallen (Cummings & Worley, 2009). Deshane discovered that the problem at the service department was the differential rate of remuneration paid to service technicians for the two types of jobs (customer pay work and warranty dealership job). There is great disparity between customer pay and warranty pay. To correct the problem, the service director, Bob Deshane, intends to transform the service department by implementing a new compensation plan. Tom, Dun, the company’s service manager is to implement the plan aimed at improving dealer’s CSI ratings and the service department’s revenues. Dun’s main concern is how to effectively implement the bonus plan, which could help to address the long-lived industry problem of technician compe nsation.One of the pros of the plan is that it is a motivator to the service technician. Jack Sycamore, a level-two technician, feels satisfied because he sees that his efforts are rewarded beyond good work praises. Also, the bonus plan can enhance efficiency of technicians and hence the service department leading to high level of customer efficiency. However, the plan also has cons because the bonus offer is meager as stated by Peter Jackson, a level-one technician. It also does not recognize technicians’ level of certification, which can demoralize high-level technicians.Implementation Plan for DunThe implementation plan is based on Kurt Lewin’s 3-step change management model of Unfreeze – Change – Refreeze.1. Unfreeze: Preparing the department to accept the need for change. Use compelling message to demonstrate that the status quo must be dismantled by indicating important facts like declining revenues and CSI ratings. Create uncertainty. 2. Change: Co mmunicate the likely change benefits and how it will take place to the people involved. 3. Refreeze: fix changes into the department’s culture, provide relevant support and celebrate success.ReferenceCummings, T. G., & Worley, C. G. (2009). Organization development and change (9th Ed.).Mason, OH: Cengage.

Environmental and Consumer Influences Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Environmental and Consumer Influences - Essay Example According to Wilhem,Yankov & Magee (2011), consumer behavior is determined by their psychological makeup and the influence of others or may be defined as the outcome of interaction of the consumer and personal influence as well as pressure exerted on them by outside forces. An understanding of consumer behavior is integral in marketing and planning strategies because consumer preferences influence the existing consumers to generate preferences for new phones. Consumers may be either influenced by personal consumption or organizational consumption or individual and environmental factors. Some individual factors affecting consumer decision are demographics, consumer knowledge, perception,, attitudes and lifestyles while environmental factors include culture, social class, reference group, family and household. Most consumer decisions are influenced by price, brand, and interface and features particularly the physical appearance. Consumers significantly consider the size and the menu or ganization of mobile phones for self-identity purposes. Mobile phone users are also influenced by aesthetics and costs of the gadgets. Consumers value price, quality and style functions of the mobile phones. Some users prefer high priced mobile phones with unique features and style functions for identity purposes. Such kind of preference tends to be common amongst individuals who value personality issues. Moreover, the current youthful population embraces technological changes and would always love to identify themselves with new technology in the market. They tend to buy mobile phones that have new technology features and this greatly influences them to make new purchase decisions (Wilhem,Yankov & Magee, 2011). There are consumers who consider reliable quality and user-friendliness of the specific brand of mobile phone brand especially amongst youth consumers. Young consumers, mostly students and urban residents, value handsets of reputed brands, nice appearance, and advanced value

Breathe-Taking Experiences Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Breathe-Taking Experiences - Essay Example To me, the most interesting part of the visit to the aquarium was the Giant Tank Ocean that was home to over 2,000 sea creatures. Although the animals were not in their natural habitat, the ocean tank provided a semblance of what could appear to be the natural habitat to these sea creatures since they appeared comfortable in the ocean tank. It occurred to me that only technological advancements by human beings enabled me to see this array of creatures. In this case, the absence of the immense technological advancement could limit my interaction with such a significant number of sea creatures. This made me appreciate the role of science and technology in ensuring that human beings had a chance to interact with nature albeit, not in its natural habitat. Â  After the visit to the aquarium, we went shopping for our spring break to Miami. The shopping experience not only gave me more time to bond with my friends, but I also appreciated the value of a deserved break to have the opportunity to relax and reenergize my brain and body to handle the final part of the semester. During the break, the atmosphere offered by the beaches at Miami will be necessary for rejuvenating my spirits and strength as a break is required in many aspects of our lives. Other than reenergizing, a break is important to reflect on the progress that I have made as a student up to this far. I will take the opportunity to address the challenges I have faced as a student and my personal growth in order to find areas that I should improve in order to succeed as a student. Â  

Carbon Forestry in the Gola Rainforest in Sierra Leone Essay

Carbon Forestry in the Gola Rainforest in Sierra Leone - Essay Example WE will also examine drivers of deforestation and degradation in the Gola forest. Qualitative study using maps was used in Sierra Leone on developments of the REDD+ mechanism in helping address deforestation. While REDD+ carries potential benefits, the prospects for its successful implementation in a developing country like Sierra Leone faces multiple challenges to meeting both its objectives and opportunities to improve livelihood of the local communities. Global forests, particularly tropical rainforests, play a key role in climate regulation. They provide a range of other benefits such as rainfall for agriculture, flood prevention and biodiversity. However, human activities have significant impacts on forests which in turn affect climate and wider ecosystem services. Deforestation is a major contribution to climatic changes, deforestation alone has contributed to about 20 percent of global greenhouse gases (Gullison et al., 2007). In West Africa, the moist and semi deciduous forests that stretch across Sierra Leone, Liberia, Guinea, Cote D Ivoire and Ghana have attracted attention as the assumed remainder of a once Upper Guinea forest ecosystem has progressively reduced due to deforestation and degradation. In various ways, international climate change negotiations have created opportunities and attention to the task of how to effectively slow down deforestation in developing countries. It would not only reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, but would also provide additional benefits to the climate system including preserving the net carbon sink that may be present in old growth tropical forests and protect the environment. The basic goal is to preserve trees that would otherwise be cut down and thus release carbon dioxide, the most commonly emitted greenhouse gas. The REDD document specifically encourages parties to explore a range of actions, identify options,

Consumer Behaviour Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Consumer Behaviour - Essay Example a. Consumer activities enable the marketer to determine how people spend their time as well as what activities they prefer to engage in. In regard to mobile phones, marketers can determine from a sample of mobile phone users about what activities/sports/habits they engage into, how they spend leisure time, what features of a mobile phone are utilized during busy schedule. The information obtained can be used to determine a link between the categories. For instance, all busy professional people use organizer, WAP services, and mobile banking features; hang out or shop when they are free; do swimming, read morning newspaper and play chess. b. Interest category determines what things and images are of importance to consumers. It enables marketers to identify the areas of interest of their consumers. For e.g. one fourth of the individuals show interest in networking. c. Opinions category enable the marketer to determine how consumers view themselves and what opinions they hold about othe rs in their surroundings. It is more a self/social concept. This helps marketers identify how consumers view and evaluate objects, other people and themselves in a social setting (Aggarwal, 2004). For e.g. most of the people shares the idea that mobile usage amongst students must be monitored and rules must be established for limiting the use in educational premises. By soliciting consumer responses over the above mentioned categories, marketers can develop consumer profiles that possess similar activities, interest and opinions towards mobile phone usage. Marketers can also determine consumer mobile phone usage by evaluating situational use of a mobile phone. Thereby, marketers can highlight different situations in which multifaceted features mobile phone can be used; or they can identify different features that offer effective mobile usage in odd/urgent situations. For instance, if a consumer is lost somewhere, a mobile phone can be used as a tracker. In any urgency, such as baby birth, the father (consumer) may use mobile-ticketing for quick reservation of his flight. In turmoil or instable unsafe situations, consumers may relay on conducting mobile banking for payments rather than physically performing transactions. Motivation & involvement and attitude are other individual extrinsic factors that could potentially explain mobile phone usage. Motivation and involvement of a consumer in a product depends upon his motives for using a product. Motives are those internal factors that derive energy and active engagement of a consumer in product usage. Consequently, it also determines its usage of that product. For instance the motivation of a business man to use blackberry is high than that of a teenager. Attitude refers to evaluative judgments that a consumer holds towards anything under consideration. Attitude is a combination of and based on, a consumer’s experience, knowledge, perception and cognitive skills. It changes the way different consumers see and evaluate a situation (Edell, & Burke, 1987). Different people evaluate products differently in different situations (Hawkins, & Mothersbaugh, 2009). It can sustain marketers’ knowledge of mobile phone usage; provided it is used with other variables.

Strategic and Tactical Goals of Memorandum Assignment

Strategic and Tactical Goals of Memorandum - Assignment Example The first tactical goal involves having all divisional leadership examine their current employee volumes and determine which positions do not require the use of current office space. This tactical goal would involve assessing the current job design and job responsibilities of each employee and then reporting on these functions via a formal report. This goal is designed to give the senior managers an opportunity to understand what is specifically behind each employee’s job description and determine whether they actually need ongoing use of limited office space. A secondary tactical goal in order to meet the restructuring strategic goal is to conduct a technology audit in order to determine which jobs could benefit from telecommuting without causing disruption to the current productivity outputs. Currently, the BRP and SAP software in the business allows for flexible, off-site job function if the employee is equipped with a remote software and computer package in their own homes. Divisional managers would need to evaluate which employees are the most likely to benefit from an autonomous working environment and would produce the largest, most motivated job outputs. It is the responsibility of managers looking for potential employees to move to a telecommuting environment to address their past history of attendance, performance, or ability to work with others in a large corporate environment. Those employees with the best track record should be considered first and discussions held with the information support desk to assist in getting the ri ght technology and supplies to the worker’s homes for immediate transfer through telecommuting. The largest issue with the tactical goal of assessing job roles is that employees might be resistant to being examined in this way, fearing that they may have future issues of job security as though the business may be  attempting to phase them out.

Consumer Behaviour Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Consumer Behaviour - Essay Example a. Consumer activities enable the marketer to determine how people spend their time as well as what activities they prefer to engage in. In regard to mobile phones, marketers can determine from a sample of mobile phone users about what activities/sports/habits they engage into, how they spend leisure time, what features of a mobile phone are utilized during busy schedule. The information obtained can be used to determine a link between the categories. For instance, all busy professional people use organizer, WAP services, and mobile banking features; hang out or shop when they are free; do swimming, read morning newspaper and play chess. b. Interest category determines what things and images are of importance to consumers. It enables marketers to identify the areas of interest of their consumers. For e.g. one fourth of the individuals show interest in networking. c. Opinions category enable the marketer to determine how consumers view themselves and what opinions they hold about othe rs in their surroundings. It is more a self/social concept. This helps marketers identify how consumers view and evaluate objects, other people and themselves in a social setting (Aggarwal, 2004). For e.g. most of the people shares the idea that mobile usage amongst students must be monitored and rules must be established for limiting the use in educational premises. By soliciting consumer responses over the above mentioned categories, marketers can develop consumer profiles that possess similar activities, interest and opinions towards mobile phone usage. Marketers can also determine consumer mobile phone usage by evaluating situational use of a mobile phone. Thereby, marketers can highlight different situations in which multifaceted features mobile phone can be used; or they can identify different features that offer effective mobile usage in odd/urgent situations. For instance, if a consumer is lost somewhere, a mobile phone can be used as a tracker. In any urgency, such as baby birth, the father (consumer) may use mobile-ticketing for quick reservation of his flight. In turmoil or instable unsafe situations, consumers may relay on conducting mobile banking for payments rather than physically performing transactions. Motivation & involvement and attitude are other individual extrinsic factors that could potentially explain mobile phone usage. Motivation and involvement of a consumer in a product depends upon his motives for using a product. Motives are those internal factors that derive energy and active engagement of a consumer in product usage. Consequently, it also determines its usage of that product. For instance the motivation of a business man to use blackberry is high than that of a teenager. Attitude refers to evaluative judgments that a consumer holds towards anything under consideration. Attitude is a combination of and based on, a consumer’s experience, knowledge, perception and cognitive skills. It changes the way different consumers see and evaluate a situation (Edell, & Burke, 1987). Different people evaluate products differently in different situations (Hawkins, & Mothersbaugh, 2009). It can sustain marketers’ knowledge of mobile phone usage; provided it is used with other variables.

Role of exercise in the management of osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee Term Paper

Role of exercise in the management of osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee or hip and the oral care practices that ICU nurses conduct. Roddy and Ganz Assessments - Term Paper Example The research under consideration aims at assessment of the use of Delphi technique to arrive at the 10 recommendations for the role that the administration of exercise therapy plays in the management and treatment of osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee and the hip, completing the Roddy Analysis Worksheet and assessment of the oral care practices that ICU nurses conduct; to compare these practices with the present evidence-based practice; and to determine whether using evidence-based practice (EBP) was associated with professional and demographic characteristics completing the Ganz Analysis Worksheet. After each of the two worksheets the author Analyzes and Supports whether the changes recommended are statistically valid. Introduction: Question1: Completing the Roddy Analysis Worksheet The research question: How to develop a new method for the purpose of determining the SOR and incorporating the research evidence and expert opinion. Using a multidisciplinary panel to produce 10 recommendations that relate to the role of exercise in the management of osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee or hip. Independent and dependent variables: Dependent variable: management of OA of the knee and hip Independent variables: exercise therapy The sample size. The choosing of the sample size : The sample size is 95. The research has used panel sampling ... chers’ conclusion Roddy and his group conclude that when comparing existing traditional methodology the newer systems of grading SOR will be less constrained and will offer an advantage of enabling the SOR to be appraised according to expert opinions which are consistent with the fundamentals of evidence-based medicine. Controlling the error Roddy and his group control the error by assigning significant differences between the research group and a significant linearity of p= 0.001 (in both cases) Concerns with the study The research study is very thorough and binding in establishing whether existing methodology allows SOR to be appraised for recommendations with randomized controlled trials which have been rendered unethical or impractical, or not. Analyzing and Supporting Whether the Changes Recommended Are Statistically Valid It is clear that the changes recommended by Roddy et al (2006) are statistically valid and sound enough to make practice changes in a hospital. The chi ef reason for this observation is that the recommendation considers the category of the evidence (which ranges from 1 to 4) and the mean strengths of the recommendations, in order to determine the strength of recommendation (ranging from A to D). Only the ninth of the ten recommendations is not recommendable. The recommendations show logical relations of correlation and causality between aerobic exercises and health status among patients with hip and knee OA. The rationale of the research that Roddy et al (2006) conducted also confirms the validity of the research recommendations. This is because, generally, and according to Roddy et al (2006), clinical guidelines gauge the validity of the recommendations, according to the compelling nature of supporting evidence which has been adduced in the

Dynamics of Secondary class Teaching Essay Example for Free

Dynamics of Secondary class Teaching Essay Imagine in your first year of teaching, your Department Chair imparts the following piece of advice, Good control depends on finding the right gimmick. How do you feel about that statement? Some scholars have defined teaching to be more of a calling than just a profession. Teaching therefore being a way of life requires teaches to have a mix of techniques for the transfer of knowledge to the student to be successful. According to Khan, (2007) apart from being resourceful, learning continuously and being adaptable, a teacher is required to know how to balance between competing needs and be good-humored since fun is a recipe for effective learning, Murray, (2009). Classroom control is of paramount importance for learning objectives to be achieved, notwithstanding the show of mischievous behavior by students. The statement that Good control depends on finding the right gimmick. is however limited in scope since it presumes that all student misbehavior is a planned, without putting due regard that at times, student misbehavior is spontaneous. Controlling student behavior is a product of several factors, as argued by Ronning and Glover (1987), such as the degree of motivation, how the student/teacher relationship is, how well the teacher has been consistent on their behavior and how the teachers expectations are understood by the students, this factors take time to be internalized and be exhibited by the students, and instant perception is hard to be achieved – even by use of instant right gimmick, it is therefore void to argue that good control is a product of a single constraint- finding the right gimmick. To achieve good control, a teacher should do thorough analysis to understand the root causes of the unintended behavior and the disparity between the existing behavior and the teachers expectations. The teacher should therefore respond and use appropriate means depending on the cause on the identified misbehavior, dealing with control is therefore a process not an instantaneous activity, which can be solved be some simple gimmicks. This is in agreement with Fritz, (1972) who argued that managing discipline is more protracted than retreating castigatory tricks, this was also highlighted by Kindsvatter and Levine, (1980). However, for good behavior to be instilled on the students, teachers are expected to take quick remedial actions when indiscipline occurs. To maintain good standards however, hence achieving control in classrooms, preventive measures are very important and this is a process which requires the participation of the teacher and the student, therefore the departmental chairs advice is constrained as it attempts to suggests that control in instantaneous and can be achieved by gimmicks. References Fritz, Redl. (1972). When We Deal with Children . Michigan :Free Press. Khan,Badrul. (2007). Flexible learning in an information society. Houston: Idea Group Inc. Kindsvatter, Richard and Levine, Mary. (1980). The Myths of Discipline. Delta: Phi Delta Kappa International. Murray, W. (2009). Learning Is Fun. New York: Ladybird Books. Ronning, Royce, and Glover, John. (1987). Historical foundations of educational psychology, Perspectives on individual differences. London: Springer Books.

Evolution of 3G Technology

Evolution of 3G Technology 3G: Sophistication Guaranteed Telecommunications evolution is undergoing a rapid vamp to the future; the evolution is almost exponential, from the analog types to 2Gs and then finally the latest mobile innovation the 3G technology. The 3G techie is the latest on-stream line of communications which offers advanced voice communications and high-speed data connectivity, with wireless Internet access, mobile data applications and high multimedia content. The 3G model embodies true sophistication in terms of mobile technology but why was this phrase used to describe it? To answer this an investigation of the roots and processes of 3G would be required. Mobile technologys conception started from the analogs. Analog networks, or first generation wireless technology has been introduced in the mid 1980s in America, a technology that was incredibly region-specific in character. As the demand for mobile communications grew, the digital 2G emerged in the 1990s flanking the undercapacity of the 1G systems. Second generation mobile systems operate on the following fundamentals: TDMA, (IS-54 and IS-136), GSM and CDMA IS-95 or cdmaOne. GSM, used worldwide, is a packet-switched technology that transports speed theoretically of up to 115 kbit/s. Unfortunately, these technologies were found to be incompatible with each other, and many mobile techies were incredibly delimited to a specific region or country. They are also fabricated mainly for voice data and slow transmission. Rapid changes in user expectation and communication needs, sought the need for improvement. The resolution: a unifying digital wireless communications that would make global roaming with a single handset possible. 3G refers to the third generation wireless technology and networks and was invented in 1999 (Xavier, ?). It is actually a modified concept of 2G mobile phone systems. It is based on an International Telecommunication Union (ITU) scheme establishing for single global wireless standard called International Mobile Telecommunications-2000 (IMT-2000), a resolution to the defects of 2G system. System capacity and spectrum efficiency over 2G systems was the underlying theme of the ITU standardization systems. Minimum transmission rates was set at 144 kbps in mobile (outdoor) and 2 Mbps in fixed (indoor) environments. (Qualcomm, 2001). Simply put, it is an improved wireless technological device for a collection of international standards and technologies intended to increased efficiency output and improved mobile wireless network performance. Since 3G is actually a convergence, the different networks working to standardized it, may be classified as follows: WCDMA, CDMA2000, UMTS and EDGE. The variation as opposed to the standardization cannot really be resolved since there are economic forces or stakeholders who have vested interest in favor of that particular standard. WCDMA (Wideband Code Division Multiple Access) refers to broadband digital radio communications of Internet, multimedia messaging, video streaming and other capacity-demanding applications and is the preferred 3G network in Europe, Asia, Japan, United States and Africa. Conversion of input data (e.g. image, video, voice) to a narrowband digital radio signal tagged with a specific marker is the method for multi-rate transmission of the network. CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) is the leading 3g network as of current providing over a hundred million consumers worldwide. It was selected as the industry standard by the ITU (International Telecommunications Union)..CDMA technology is a combination of two networking assets: CDMA2000 1X and CDMA2000 1xEV-DO. The capacity and performance of voice and data services of CDMA2000 1X is twice that of the former CDMA systems and surpasses that of TDMA and GSM. Peak data rates are reached to about 153 kbps without intervening voice capacity. It also offers longer standby times. Its high compatibility with the former CDMA facilitate upgrade of mobile technology to current. CDMA2000 1xEV-DO is a data-optimized version of CDMA2000 providing peak rates of more than 2 Mbps, with an average output of over 700 kbps. This fast technology is parallel to DSL service and can support video streaming data and large byte file downloads. The stipulation for CDMA2000 1xEV-DO is to delivers maximum number of data (Megabyte) at the lowest cost possible. Being the selected technology, CDMA offers the best packages in mobile technology. CDMA builds on the former CDMA systems and improvised on it like the Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM and OFDMA), advanced control and signal procedure, improved interference signalmanagement techniques, end-to-end Quality of Service (QoS), and new antenna techniques such as Multiple Inputs Multiple Outputs (MIMO) and Space Division Multiple Access (SDMA). The advantage of this improved packages include the following: (1) lead performance (e.g. data speed, capacity, latency), (2) spectrum efficiency, (3) advanced mobile services support (4) IP compatible (5) device selection (6) seamless evolution path and and ;(7) global/network coverage flexibility. Best of all it leads lower cost of total ownership (CDMA Development Group, 2007). UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System) is the mobile telephone standard in Europe, set by ETSI. Unlike GSM, the UMTS follows layering protocol for data networking. The topmost, being the services layer, is for allocation and data speed. The control layer located central, assists in upgrading actions and allows dynamic allocation and tagging of data to a specific bandwidth. Bottommost is the connectivity layer where any transmission technology can be seconded and the voice traffic will transport over ATM/AAL2 or IP/RTP hence trafficking by signal bandwidth is prevented (GSM server, 2007). EDGE (Enhanced Data For Global Evolution) allows GSM the aptitude to handle services for the 3g telephony. It facilitates data transmission at a high speed of 384 kb/sec. EDGE employs TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access) frame structure, logic channel and 200kilohertz carrier bandwidth. The same bandwidth with that of GSM sytems enables system compatibility (3G, 2006). System compatibility assures upgrade efficiency and low cost which had been the problem of most G3 networking systems (Lapping, 2006). The constituents of 3G is vast and caters to the technological whims of the techie addicts and the businessmen all over Europe, Asia, South America and Africa, however, like all new technologies, there has been a bone of contention among manufacturers. From the time that the idea of 3G arises and the time when it was marketed, obstacles seem to be always around the corner. As mentioned earlier, there are various networks of 3G which had actually lead to licensing disagreements arising from different terms of conditions from different parties involved. High debts incremented by the telecommunication parties during the past years, which may actually pose as a threat to the development of 3G. Also, operator troubles are unsupported by state finance. The expenses associated with license are ghastly. The main problem of 3G all boils down to money. 3G service is new hence network coverage is limited. Also, the cost of technology is cumbersome for the commoners and the internet flat rate is high at some countries. The main problem with the upgrade of technology to 3G is that there are some price qualms associated with the introduced and advanced technology. Fortunately, most of the leading handset manufacturers like Broadcom puts an end to this entire anxious price tirade, and eventually managed to produce more 3G technologies aiming to facilitate its spread globally and probably to stimulate its economic demand. Broadcom generated the Cellairity chipset with astounding cost of $100 (Hyatt, 2007). This price resolution may, in the long r un, predict to be a good start of consumer availability for 3G. Broadcom may have initiated reduction in production cost but would other companies follow? 3G is a huge risk of investment in consumer market. 3Gs sophistication actually caters to that businessman who conducts their businesses assisted by the wireless networks. Unfortunately, the turn of events is that businessmen constitute only a small population in the global networking arena. For the sophisticated technology to be truly cosmopolitan in character it had to be used by most of the networkers and mobile-users all over the world. For now, it is strangely delimited to those who can really afford it. Looking at the positive side of things, the situation of 3G consumer ratio would not always be the same. Like all things, needs change, and observing the evolution of mobile technology from the rustic analog model to the latest 3G types, one can only predict that consumer needs would be inclined towards technological enhancement and that technological enhancement would be better suited to the needs of the consumer. What is more is that needs change, mobile techie trends may also change. The 3G model is now currently being improvised from more than 3G to 4G. 4G Technology: Super-satisfaction guaranteed? Only time will tell. References 3G. (2006). 3G store. Retrieved Nov 22, 2007 from http://www.3g.co.uk/All%20About%203G.htm 3G Technology. (22 Aug 2007). Qualcomm. Retrieved Nov 22, 2007 from http://www.3gtoday.com/wps/portal/subscribers. CDMA Development Group. (2007). 3G-CDMA2000. Retrieved Nov 22, 2007 from http://www.cdg.org/technology/3g.asp. GSM server.(2007). Evolution to 3G. Retrieved Nov 22, 2007 from http://www.gsmserver.com/articles/evolution_to_3g.php. Hyatt, J. (2007). Broadcom Enables 3G Mobile Phones at 2G Prices with New CellAirityà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢ Chipset. Retrieved Nov 22, 2007 from http://www.broadcom.com/press/release.php?id=815794. Lapping, K. (2006). Cost and Software Incompatibility Stymie 3G Growth. Ernst and Young Ltd. Retrieved Nov 22, 2007 from http://www.ey.com/global/content.nsf/South_Africa/06_Sept_05_Costs_software_incompatibility_stymie_3G_growth. Xavier, P. (?). Licensing of 3G Mobile. Swinburne University of Technology. Retrieved Nov 22, 2007 from http://www.itu.int/osg/spu/ni/3G/workshop/presentations/xavier_1.pdf.

Jean-Pierre Jeunets Film Amelie Essay -- Imagination Film Movie Ameli

Jean-Pierre Jeunet's Film Amelie Imagination is an intrinsic part of the human experience. It has the power to mold reality by defining the limits of possibility and affecting perception. Both Alan White and Irving Singer examine aspects of this power in their respective works The Language of Imagination and Feeling and Imagination. White delineates how imagination is a necessary precursor to possibility (White 179) while Singer primarily illustrates imagination's effect on human relationships, such as love (Singer 29-48). Despite their different focuses, White and Singer demonstrate the impact that imagination has on human perceptions of reality. Jean-Pierre Jeunet's film Amelie explores this facet of imagination: the film provides a poignant depiction of imagination's influence as the title character Amelie exacts changes in her life and in the lives of others with her boundless imagination. In the chapter entitled "The Imaginable and the Possible," Alan White argues that imagination is the key factor in testing the "acceptability of something as possible" (White 183). In seeking to answer the questions whether what is possible is imaginable and whether what is imaginable is possible, White examines a variety of seemingly impossible ideas, such as the three-dimensional triangle. From these examples, he concludes that the possible must be conceivable by the imagination but that the imagination's capacity to visualize extends beyond the mere possible (White 179-183). Amelie addresses this dichotomy between the limitations of the possible and the unfettered possibilities of the imagination in a less didactic manner. Instead of intangible ideas, the film illustrates the link between imagination and possibility throu... ...ng their imagination to bestow value to each other, much in the manner Singer describes. In terms of inherent worth, neither the relationship between Georgette and Joseph or Amelie and Nino seem to have any tangible basis. However, when revisiting these interactions with the idea of bestowal in mind, it is understandable why the characters are willing to "appraise" each other so highly. Thus, through the interaction of the characters, the film Amelie demonstrates how the imagination governs the daily existence of human beings with the power to either help or hinder an individual by defining the realm of possibility. Works Cited Singer, Irving. Feeling and Imagination: The Vibrant Flux of Our Existence. Lanham: Rowman and Littlerfield Publishers, Inc., 2001. 21-48. White, Alan R. The Language of Imagination. Cambridge: Basil Blackwell Inc. 1990. 173-183.

MBA Admissions Essays - Look Out World! :: MBA College Admissions Essays

MBA Admissions Essays - Look Out World! Â   Write a candid description of yourself, stressing those personal qualities, assets, and liabilities that you feel will influence your study for an MBA. Describe what you consider to be your most important professional and / or academic achievement to date. Â   If one were to ask my friends to describe me they would describe me as a very pleasant, diverse, active and intelligent woman. I think one of my most distinguishing characteristics is the diversity of experiences I possess. I am a science student with a flair for the arts. I am a woman with technical aptitude and an interest in management. I also have a passion for traveling and understanding different cultures of the world. All these elements have given me a very broad outlook, with varying degrees of knowledge in a range of topics. I strongly believe that although some are not related directly, all these qualities will influence my graduate work. Â   My Engineering degree has given a strong foundation to my analytical skills since civil design involves a lot of long, complex and intricate calculations and the application of basic math skills. Over the past four years, I have been working part-time with my family firm, SnMTech Systems. I am also the co-founder and active member with FOE - Friends of the Environment. I have assisted in the installation of Enterprise-wide Resource Planning (ERP) System at Blotech, a major Engineering Company. More than what I have studied in school and college, it has been these experiences that have shaped the person that I am today. Â   Â   I believe that this unique blend of experiences has made me a woman with an original point of view. This blend has given me a broader perspective to and a good understanding of life and a goal to aim for. Among other things, I have this diversity of experience to offer Utah University. My most substantial accomplishment has been the success of the software upgradation project that I managed at SnMTech Systems Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, where I have been working as a part time Associate Intern - Management Information Systems since 1994. Â   Â   During the first two years of my work at SnMTech, I had an opportunity to observe and work with the existing system being used. Some of the software packages being used were outdated versions.

Pros and Cons of Death Penalty

Death Penalties The death penalty is a controversy discussed by many state governments in the United States, the 8th amendment in the Bill of Rights is a right that protects people from cruel and unusual punishment. This amendment originally created by our founding fathers has been the main reason for this debate; some states look at death as cruel and unusual punishment while others don’t. Though the decision to sentence someone to death is considered harsh by some judges and juries, there have been crimes and occurrences where a judge feels a death penalty is reasonable.I am against the death penalty, with my knowledge of its pros and cons it seems that the pros are over powered by the cons. Criminals who are facing life in prison, crimes of rape, torture, treason, kidnapping, murder, larceny, and perjury. People like these who can never handle themselves in the normal world; constantly being resent back to prison, or permanently in prison from their beginning sentencing. Al though these people pay their own consequences and debts by their punishment, we must also help support them; with our taxes we pay for their living.However it may sound that we invest more money paying for their stay in prison rather than their death. In reality, the process of a death penalty is more expensive and complex than life without parole. This is so because we must pay for their incarceration, automatic appeals, and federal habeas corpus appeals. This process ends up costing us millions more, millions more that can be used to create programs for teenagers to avoid ending up in the same position.People also believe that the death penalty could decrease criminal acts because it could frighten people from committing something extreme, which is also incorrect. In my perspective the death penalty does not reach the minds of most criminals because a criminal rarely believes he/she could be caught. They hold a belief that they are intelligent enough to outsmart authorities. Ther e is other whom holds such anger towards certain crimes that they believe death is a rightful punishment, but death does not â€Å"undo† a crime they have committed. I think it would be better for a criminal to think and reminisce their conscious.Their death would only put peace in their state of mind and except them from the punishments that prison holds for them. Families harmed by these criminals are sometimes frightened by the thought that they’re persecutor could escape and harm them again, however someone sentenced to life in parole in the united states has never escaped or been released. There is also a possibility that an innocent person could be convicted of a crime they did not commit, even with all our new technology and DNA testing there is always a chance of making a mistake.Though there are also pros to the death penalty, my opinion is that it should not be allowed. I say this because it is more costly than life in prison being the process is more complex and long. It does not secure the deficiency of crime acts because of criminal’s confidence that they will not be revealed. Persecuted families are just as secure due to our highly restricted and watched prisons. There is also always a possibility we convict the wrong person, these reason lead me to be against the death penalty.

Males and Females in Peter Greenaways Films Essay

The following paper gives an overview of the movies of Peter Greenaway along with how he portrays women and men his films. The paper would be based on the roles of men and women in his three movies, drowning by numbers, the belly of an architect and the Draughtsman’s contract. One common aspect that would be discussed in his movies is that the men are usually thought of as victims and the women are presented as the true artistic creators. His Movies: Drowning by Numbers: In opposition to the background of the autumnal Suffolk seashore, three generations of women, each one given the name of Cissie Colpitts, assassinate their not good enough husbands by obscuring them in a bathtub, in the ocean, and in a swimming pool, correspondingly. In arrival for assurance for sexual favoritism, which the women at the end of the day refuse to give, the neighboring coroner, Henry Madgett (Hill), comes in agreement to endorse the casualties as unintentional, even though a minute but steadily-growing swarm of eyewitnesses and associations put stress on him to acquaint with the reality. His juvenile son, Smut, who is preoccupied with casualty and brings together animal and insect dead bodies, furthermore he considers his father must appear spotless. Factual to Madgett’s and the movies fascination with games, he places up a tug-of-war from corner to corner of a waterway to come to a decision to the problem, where he and Smut connect to Cissie in opposition to their hecklers. Greenaway is an often-infuriating, one-of-a-kind filmmaker who repeatedly experiments the staying power of his spectators. A lot of experience it as not significant as the attempt to shape out his difficult to understand games, let unaccompanied their implication, exclusive of a quantity of kinky sex or run through to disappear the procedures. Drowning by Numbers provides up ample of this: a circumcision by clippers, a repeated repulsion for provisions and flesh, and various near-sickening views of decompose and pests. Still, as if paying no attention to the filmmaker’s mysterious propensities, the presentations are ironic, cynical, sardonic and over and over again blackly humorous, and each and every framework is crammed with detail and magnificence. Here was an unprincipled anecdote enlightened ethically, with a tough feminist implication—approximately all of the male characters breathe their last breath by means of the unconquerable Cissies’ scheme shimmering, as Greenaway himself has acknowledged that the superior do not obtain content and happiness, and the depraved are infrequently rebuked, and the above suspicion are for all time badly treated. Drowning by Numbers is typically concerning numbers and the means they are employed to systematize the games individuals take part in. Despite the fact that the greater part of the human relations of whichever significance is determined by unstructured requirements, we use up a large amount of our lives demanding to offer them shape. We look for examples and successions, and enjoyment in the psychosomatic language that comes into view to give explanation. We search for regulations and unavoidability, and identify relations as the competition in which people occupy themselves for the reason that these games have both, happiness and contention. Drowning by Numbers is crammed with games: those men engage in recreation with women, women with men, and jump rope, cricket, and some games out of Greenaway’s tremendous sleight of hand. For the most part continuous game is the one Greenaway plays with the spectator. The motion picture starts with a small woman hopping rope as she count from one to one hundred (Peter Greenaway, 100). The Bell of an Architect: In Belly of an Architect, Brian Dennehy plays the central character who considers the main beliefs of structural design will regulate the humankind. He struggles the backstabbing of dishonest classmates and environment’s attrition of both construction and body. Sooner than the film ends, he loses his architectural assignment and is lost to stomach cancer. The screen in Belly is beleaguered with scaffolding, drop fabrics, plaster, powder, and huge degeneration hallways and corridors seeping out with water and sludge, which Greenaway challenges to put together into well-designed symmetries much as his hero attempts to protect the architectural classicisms he stumbles on to be so comforting. Again, the ordering organization contained by the film surrounds it. An immature artiste is constricted to implement twelve illustrations of a sumptuous countryside residence in 17th century England. Drawn into an affectionate and passionate association with the two conniving ladies of the residence he outlines and fabricates illustrated indications of the assassination. He almost immediately discovers himself trapped in the rumble ferociousness of the over sophisticated spirits of the landed upper classes. As all the times, Peter Greenaway provides beautiful and stunning masterpieces that contemplate on the artist’s infatuation for order and the oppression of organizations—whether communal or artistic. This untimely Greenaway effort observes unfaithfulness and substantial weakening, all in the perspective of a demanding occupational existence. The cuckold is a renowned American designer, Stourley Kracklite, who goes to Rome to place on a demonstration in reminiscence of his male protagonist, the 18th century farsighted draftsman, Etiene Louis Boullee. Kracklite fails to remember the current to respect the ancient times, but at what cost? He pays no attention to his pregnant wife who searches for soothe in the arms of Kracklite’s opponent. He furthermore takes no notice of his physical condition and is influenced that his stomach’s throbbing are the consequences of his wife’s efforts to exterminate him. The punishment for such fascination is the failure of his presentation— the extraordinarily obsession he gave up all other elements of his life to accomplish (Peter Greenaway, 105). The Belly of an Architect is a visual extravagance, approximately deference to the techniques and fashions of Rome’s structural designs, judged with skill, ability, proficiency and crammed with impenetrable and mysterious shades. The Draughtsman’s Contract: Greenaway’s foremost profit-making element, The Draughtsman’s Contract, is the chronicle of a draughtsman who in 1694 is specially made by the woman of an enormous residence to do twelve depictions of her property. At the opening it gives the impression that he’s to a certain extent in command of his lady and background, receiving them together down anywhere he desires them, till his meticulousness does him in. By painstakingly drafting the manor house and foundation, he unintentionally duplicates indications to an assassination. As expected, its perpetrators don’t desire him in the region. The methodical little draughtsman fall’s a victim not to environment’s impulse but to man’s ravenousness and violent behavior (Peter Greenaway, 45). The twelve drawings are at one time the evidences to the massacres and the arrangements of the motion picture. From then on, all noteworthy objects in the motion picture are revolving around the paintings that hold the clues and all the film’s action—the drawings and the assassinations—must be accomplished by the time movies reaches to its end. This is systematic Greenaway. Human games and their dependence on ritualistic traditions are both the area under discussion of the draughtsman’s contract and its form. As the characters get involve within the findings of the clues and murderer with each other, it brings in the the chaos of passion. Greenaway assembles his schemes and positions according to the murder and clues. The Draughtsman’s Contract is thrice regarding commanding order on disorder, on man’s unreasonable desires and nature’s predictable decompose: first, surrounded by the sequence of events; second in its structural association; and third, in the glance of the screen. Greenaway is an order-and-chaos fanatic (Amy Lawrence, 175). Conclusion: In all the movies of Peter Greenaway discussed above, one thing is very common, that the men are always shown as a powerless creature and the women are always dominating. All the films bring the women as murderers of men. In the majority of his films, Peter Greenaway has at least a suggestion of proposal that the most important rationale of women is to damage men’s lives, typically with the aid of the men in query. More than any of his others, with the probable exclusion of the outstanding â€Å"Drowning By Numbers†, conveys a suggestion to the front, by using it as a primary message, rather than as an indication of the disentanglement of the plot. Unluckily, perhaps due to this approach, there are not a lot of subplots there, and therefore, the movie needs somewhat in difficulty, in contrast with some of his previous work. The Draughts men’s Contract came into view like a touching work of art with bright color and dazzling imagery. Though all are great movies, their schemes can be puzzling with the need of familiar dialogue and character progress. Greenaway movies are compactly and tightly weighed down with figure of speech and satisfied with metaphors, and are required to be moved towards accordingly, not with the similar state of mind that one would come close to a distinctive Hollywood motion picture, for an instance. Possibly furthermore supportive is a quotation from Greenaway himself: â€Å"If you want to tell stories, be a writer, not a filmmaker.†(IMDB, Pp1) References: Greenaway, Peter. 2001. The Draughtsman’s Contract: The Draughtsman’s Contract. Published by Distributed Art Pub, Pp 45 Greenaway, Peter. 1998. Drowning by Numbers. Published by Dis Voir, Pp 100 Greenaway, Peter. 1988. The Belly of an Architect. Published by Faber, Pp 105 Lawrence, Amy. 1997. The films of Peter Greenaway. Published by CUP Archive, Pp 175 The Internet Movie Database (IMDB), Biography for Peter Greenaway. (2008)Retrieved on 24th March ’09 from http://www. imdb. com/name/nm0000425/bio

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The DSPD programme offers an intensive multi disciplinary treatment programme based on individual need and comprising a cognitive-behavioural group-based intervention approach with opportunities for social interaction, in ward-based community meetings for example. Specific treatment includes offence-specific groups, such as sex offender group and violence reduction programmes. There has been a shift of policy from placing people with DSPD in prisons into secure hospitals with the National Health Service taking a more active role in providing treatment. A smaller number of medium secure and community places have been programmed, but so far the implementation has fallen behind target and the rehabilitation of DSPD patients back into the community remains extremely challenging. Evaluation of the DSPD programme is a work in progress and the impact of this policy on reoffending rates remains to be deduced. Persons assessed as having DSPD must be detained for treatment and discharge from detention is dependent upon a test of public safety as against favourable responsiveness to treatment. The link between dangerous behaviour and mental illness remains embedded in public opinion despite the attempts of mental health practitioners to highlight the absence of such a connection. A study of public opinion towards schizophrenia found that 70% of respondents view this group as dange rous (Crisp et al, 2001). Regarding treatment in the community following release from prison or hospital, Leung cites the European judgment of W v Sweden 1988, in which compulsory medication on discharge from hospital was not a deprivation of liberty and would not impinge Article 5 of the European Convention on Human Rights (Leung, 2002). Prison population has increased dramatically over the last fifteen years from circa 43,000 at the start of the 1990s (Home Office, 2005a) to in excess of 80,000 today. Although there are numerous reasons given to explain this startling increase, the focus of the public on dangerousness is one such explanation. In 2006 a review was conducted which claimed that prison was the best place for dangerous offenders as it stopped them from re-offending (Home Office, 2006a, p. 32). In 2007 with the creation of the Ministry of Justice the preceding approach to detaining dangerous offenders for a long time did not change. On the contrary, the newly formed Ministry reiterated that prison places are available to protect the public from dangerous offenders (Ministry of Justice, 2007, p 4). The 1990s preoccupation with public protection shaped the policies of protecting the public from the risk of serious harm arising from violent offenders and the aim of responding more effectively to the risk of paedophiles and the increase in child sex abuse (Grubin, 1998) Within the UK the population is generally extremely fearful of the level of violent and sexual crime (Ditton Farrell, 2002; Kemshall, 2003). The focus on this type of crime has been exacerbated by the media and even when crime rates are shown to be falling, the public perception is that they are living in a more violent society. Dangerousness has therefore been widely used to describe an increasing amount of offences and has been accompanied with an expectation of more punitive sentences to deal with the increase. Barbara Hudson asserts that there has been a significant shift from doing justice to controlling risks as the goal of law and order and penal strategies (Hudson, 2002; p 101). 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Commenting on a Panorama programme broadcast in 2006, HM Chief Inspector of Probation said he thought the programme made a fair point when he said that general talk of close supervision and monitoring of offenders can give a misleading impression to the public of the extent of measures taken to prevent them (Bridges, 2007). It is clear in the early stages of this essay that there are different views on the nature and extent of monitoring to which dangerous offenders are subjected on their release from prison. Academics like Garland above consider the measures stringent, tantamount to imprisonment within the community, whereas the enforcers of those measures, probation workers, maintain that it is unhelpful to make it sound as if community service is prison in the community which it plainly is not (Bridges, 2007 p 4).